Scientists and conservationists across Assam on April 17 marked International Bat Appreciation Day with a strong call for greater awareness and protection of bats, a group of animals often feared but considered vital for ecosystems and agriculture.
At BN College (Autonomous) in Dhubri, researchers highlighted how myths and misconceptions continue to harm bat populations. Experts said that despite growing scientific evidence about their importance, bats are still widely misunderstood, leading to fear, habitat destruction, and declining numbers.
Speaking during a briefing at the Department of Zoology, Dr Azad Ali, who heads the Bat Research and Conservation Division (BRCD), stressed that awareness is key to conservation. He said bats play a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting farming systems. “Bats are essential to our ecosystems. By sharing the reality of their ecological roles, we can combat the negative perceptions that lead to habitat destruction and the decline of these unique species,” he said.
Researchers explained that bats contribute directly to agriculture and the environment in several ways. Insect-eating bats help control pests naturally. A single bat can consume up to 1,000 mosquitoes in an hour, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. This not only lowers farming costs but also helps protect soil and water from chemical exposure.
Nectar-feeding bats play an equally important role by pollinating plants. Scientists said they support more than 500 plant species, including several crops that have economic value. Fruit-eating bats, on the other hand, help in forest regeneration by dispersing seeds over large distances, ensuring the growth of new plants and maintaining forest cover.
Globally, there are more than 1,400 known bat species, making up nearly one-fifth of all mammal species. In South Asia, around 123 species have been recorded, with Northeast India being one of the richest regions in terms of bat diversity. The region is home to 66 species, while Assam alone has recorded 39 species, underlining its ecological importance.
However, experts warned that bat populations are under increasing threat due to habitat loss, urban expansion, and climate change. In districts like Dhubri, local research groups, including the Biological Entity Research Committee, are continuing studies and conservation efforts to protect bat habitats and monitor their populations.