A first-of-its-kind investigation by animal protection organisationSentient World has documented widespread animal welfare, public health and environmental concerns across more than 100 dairy units in six Indian states, highlighting recurring deficiencies in dairy management and regulatory oversight. Conducted between February 10 and April 15, 2026, the investigation covered dairy operations in Chandigarh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh, ranging from small household farms to large unregulated dairy clusters.
The report found that many dairy units were located within 10 to 300 metres of homes and water bodies, raising concerns over environmental contamination and public health. Investigators documented overcrowding, prolonged tethering, including double and triple tethering, malnutrition, untreated wounds, skin infections and behavioural distress among cattle. The investigation also reported two instances of Khalbaccha practices and claimed that around 90 per cent of the surveyed units showed indications of oxytocin use. Milking was frequently observed near open drains and accumulated waste, while manure and slurry were routinely discharged into public drains. Sentient World said dairy owners across several states cited inadequate veterinary care, vaccination, insurance and institutional support, while investigators found limited evidence of routine inspections or enforcement of existing regulations.
“KThe findings demonstrate that poor animal welfare and unhygienic dairy practices are systemic rather than isolated incidents, underscoring the need for stronger implementation of existing laws and greater accountability,” said AbhishekPandey, CEO of Sentient World.The organisation has called for stricter enforcement of animal welfare, environmental and public health regulations, regular inspections of dairy units and improved veterinary support for farmers. As one of eastern India’s largest dairy consumption centres, Kolkata could see increased attention on dairy sourcing, hygiene standards and regulatory compliance following the report, particularly as West Bengal was among the states covered in the investigation. Industry observers say heightened consumer awareness may encourage organised dairy players and local suppliers to strengthen quality control, waste management and animal welfare practices to maintain consumer confidence and meet evolving regulatory expectations.