Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati (IIT-G) has developed energy-efficient bricks designed to promote sustainable construction by naturally cooling buildings. This research, co-authored by Prof. Pankaj Kalita and his team, addresses the challenge of reliance on air conditioning, which significantly contributes to energy consumption and carbon emissions. The innovative bricks utilize Phase Change Materials (PCMs), specifically OM35, which melts at 35 degrees Celsius, making them ideal for hot and humid regions. These materials absorb excess heat during the day and release it when temperatures drop, stabilizing indoor climates.
To mitigate leakage issues commonly associated with PCMs during melting, the research team integrated the PCM with biochar, enhancing thermal conductivity and preventing leakage. The resulting biocomposite-filled Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) brick is lightweight and offers improved insulating properties. The advanced simulations demonstrated that these PCM-embedded bricks can reduce indoor temperatures by approximately 3 degrees Celsius, leading to a 10% to 20% reduction in cooling energy demands based on varying building designs.
The estimated cost for these innovative bricks ranges from Rs 115 to Rs 130, with potential for decreased prices through mass production. As the team looks to commercialize this development, they aim to launch a startup to further advance this energy-saving solution, which has significant implications for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, ultimately supporting sustainable urbanization and low-carbon construction initiatives.