As the world prepares to celebrate the International Day for Biological Diversity on May 22, Gangtok emerges as a shining example of urban biodiversity. Nestled in the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, Gangtok is renowned for its rich natural landscapes, featuring dense forests, diverse vegetation, and vibrant rivers like Rorochu and Ranikhola. A comprehensive City Biodiversity Index (CBI), released in 2020, highlights Gangtok’s ecological wealth. Developed under the German-supported INTERACT-Bio project by ICLEI South Asia and the Gangtok Municipal Corporation, the CBI evaluates native biodiversity, ecosystem services, and biodiversity governance.
Gangtok’s CBI reveals a remarkable inventory: 184 bird species, including the Indian Cuckoo and Himalayan Black Bulbul; 674 plant species, featuring the Himalayan Silver Fir and East Himalayan Lantern; and 52 butterfly species, such as the Paris Peacock and Painted Lady. The city also hosts 12 reptile species, 48 freshwater fish species, and 30 mammal species, underscoring its rich biological tapestry.
Emani Kumar, Executive Director of ICLEI South Asia, praised Gangtok’s efforts, stating, “Cities like Gangtok are advancing global biodiversity goals through innovative tools like the CBI, preserving natural heritage and setting a model for others.”