A comprehensive scientific camera trap study has been conducted in Guwahati to evaluate leopard presence, habitat use, and movement patterns, representing the first grid-based leopard estimation effort in eastern India, according to forest officials. The study involved deploying camera traps in key forests, wildlife corridors, and urban fringe areas, aiming to provide crucial data for mapping leopard habitats and movement routes, which will bolster science-based wildlife management and promote human-leopard coexistence in the rapidly urbanizing capital. Survey teams examined all significant hill ranges around Guwahati, including Adingiri, Gotanagar, Nilachal, Kharghuli, Hengerabari, and Bhangagarh. They recorded multiple signs of leopard presence—such as pugmarks, scent markings, scat, scratch marks, and rake marks—across various sites, suggesting a healthy and extensive leopard movement pattern. Furthermore, the presence of the clouded leopard was identified in the Garbhanga forest area, emphasizing the ecological importance of the region.
The camera traps were operational for two months and are now being removed, with data compilation and analysis expected to take about one month. Prior findings indicated that there are approximately 18.97 square kilometers of highly suitable leopard habitat within Guwahati, particularly in areas like Fatasil Hill, Japorigog Hill, and parts of the Amchang Reserve Forest. Additionally, nearly 67.67 square kilometers of land surrounding the city is classified as suitable habitat for leopards to survive and thrive.Concerns arise as many of these suitable habitats are located within or near densely populated urban zones, heightening the chances of human-leopard interactions. Leopards generally maintain territories of around 35 square kilometers, making habitat connectivity vital for their survival. This study is part of the Assam Project on Forest and Biodiversity Conservation–II, funded by Agence Française de Développement (AFD). The fieldwork engaged student volunteers from Gauhati University, Pragjyotish College, Dakshin Kamrup College, and Cotton University, especially MSc students who aided survey teams in data collection. Officials anticipate that the study’s outcomes will assist local authorities in developing informed conservation strategies and managing human-wildlife conflicts within Guwahati’s expanding urban landscape.